Please Wait.....
Report
Whole Slide Imaging Market: Global Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity and Forecast 2023-2028
Market Report I 2023-05-29 I 143 Pages I IMARC Group
The global whole slide imaging market size reached US$ 690.3 Million in 2022. Looking forward, IMARC Group expects the market to reach US$ 1,340.8 Million by 2028, exhibiting a growth rate (CAGR) of 11.5% during 2023-2028.
Whole slide imaging (WSI) is scanning glass slides used to produce high-resolution and precise digital images of tissue sections. It comprises a focusing unit, camera, illumination systems, scanners, viewers, image management system, and microscopic optical components. WSI utilizes a specialized scanner to digitize glass slides and generate large digital images that are analyzed, stored, and shared through the virtual slide viewer. It is widely used in immunohistochemistry, telepathology, hematopathology, and cytopathology. WSI assists in improving accuracy, speed of analysis, increasing productivity, reducing errors, and providing reliable and convenient results. As a result, it is widely used across academic and research institutes, biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, and hospitals and clinics.
Whole Slide Imaging Market Trends:
The significant growth in the healthcare industry and the rising focus on patient safety across the globe are the prime factors creating a positive outlook for the market. Additionally, the rising prevalence of cancer due to the changing lifestyles, genetic mutation, and increasing smoking and alcohol habits is favoring the market growth. In line with this, WSI is extensively used in diagnostic procedures for suspected skin, lungs, and breast cancer, which is further providing an impetus to the market growth. Moreover, various technological advancements, such as the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to assist in various diseases and diagnoses and provide precision medicine delivery, are providing a considerable boost to the market growth. In line with this, the widespread adoption of whole slide imaging in immunohistochemistry (IHC) to observe protein expression in tissue samples and detect antigens in the cells is positively impacting the market growth. Other factors, such as the increasing product demand in drug discovery and extensive research and development (R&D) activities, are anticipated to drive the market growth.
Key Market Segmentation:
IMARC Group provides an analysis of the key trends in each sub-segment of the global whole slide imaging market report, along with forecasts at the global, regional and country level from 2023-2028. Our report has categorized the market based on technology, application and end user.
Breakup by Technology:
Scanners
IT Infrastructure
Viewer
Image Management System
Breakup by Application:
Immunohistochemistry
Telepathology
Cytopathology
Hematopathology
Breakup by End User:
Academic Institute
Research
Others
Breakup by Region:
North America
United States
Canada
Asia-Pacific
China
Japan
India
South Korea
Australia
Indonesia
Others
Europe
Germany
France
United Kingdom
Italy
Spain
Russia
Others
Latin America
Brazil
Mexico
Others
Middle East and Africa
Competitive Landscape:
The competitive landscape of the industry has also been examined along with the profiles of the key players being 3DHISTECH Ltd., Beckman Coulter Inc. (Danaher Corporation), F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, General Electric Company, Hamamatsu Photonics KK, Huron Technologies Internationa, Inspirata Inc., Koninklijke Philips N.V., Mikroscan Technologies Inc., Olympus Corporation, Perkinelmer Inc. and Visiopharm A/S.
Key Questions Answered in This Report:
How has the global whole slide imaging market performed so far and how will it perform in the coming years?
What has been the impact of COVID-19 on the global whole slide imaging market?
What are the key regional markets?
What is the breakup of the market based on the technology?
What is the breakup of the market based on the application?
What is the breakup of the market based on the end user?
What are the various stages in the value chain of the industry?
What are the key driving factors and challenges in the industry?
What is the structure of the global whole slide imaging market and who are the key players?
What is the degree of competition in the industry?
1 Preface
2 Scope and Methodology
2.1 Objectives of the Study
2.2 Stakeholders
2.3 Data Sources
2.3.1 Primary Sources
2.3.2 Secondary Sources
2.4 Market Estimation
2.4.1 Bottom-Up Approach
2.4.2 Top-Down Approach
2.5 Forecasting Methodology
3 Executive Summary
4 Introduction
4.1 Overview
4.2 Key Industry Trends
5 Global Whole Slide Imaging Market
5.1 Market Overview
5.2 Market Performance
5.3 Impact of COVID-19
5.4 Market Forecast
6 Market Breakup by Technology
6.1 Scanners
6.1.1 Market Trends
6.1.2 Market Forecast
6.2 IT Infrastructure
6.2.1 Market Trends
6.2.2 Market Forecast
6.3 Viewer
6.3.1 Market Trends
6.3.2 Market Forecast
6.4 Image Management System
6.4.1 Market Trends
6.4.2 Market Forecast
7 Market Breakup by Application
7.1 Immunohistochemistry
7.1.1 Market Trends
7.1.2 Market Forecast
7.2 Telepathology
7.2.1 Market Trends
7.2.2 Market Forecast
7.3 Cytopathology
7.3.1 Market Trends
7.3.2 Market Forecast
7.4 Hematopathology
7.4.1 Market Trends
7.4.2 Market Forecast
8 Market Breakup by End User
8.1 Academic Institute
8.1.1 Market Trends
8.1.2 Market Forecast
8.2 Research
8.2.1 Market Trends
8.2.2 Market Forecast
8.3 Others
8.3.1 Market Trends
8.3.2 Market Forecast
9 Market Breakup by Region
9.1 North America
9.1.1 United States
9.1.1.1 Market Trends
9.1.1.2 Market Forecast
9.1.2 Canada
9.1.2.1 Market Trends
9.1.2.2 Market Forecast
9.2 Asia-Pacific
9.2.1 China
9.2.1.1 Market Trends
9.2.1.2 Market Forecast
9.2.2 Japan
9.2.2.1 Market Trends
9.2.2.2 Market Forecast
9.2.3 India
9.2.3.1 Market Trends
9.2.3.2 Market Forecast
9.2.4 South Korea
9.2.4.1 Market Trends
9.2.4.2 Market Forecast
9.2.5 Australia
9.2.5.1 Market Trends
9.2.5.2 Market Forecast
9.2.6 Indonesia
9.2.6.1 Market Trends
9.2.6.2 Market Forecast
9.2.7 Others
9.2.7.1 Market Trends
9.2.7.2 Market Forecast
9.3 Europe
9.3.1 Germany
9.3.1.1 Market Trends
9.3.1.2 Market Forecast
9.3.2 France
9.3.2.1 Market Trends
9.3.2.2 Market Forecast
9.3.3 United Kingdom
9.3.3.1 Market Trends
9.3.3.2 Market Forecast
9.3.4 Italy
9.3.4.1 Market Trends
9.3.4.2 Market Forecast
9.3.5 Spain
9.3.5.1 Market Trends
9.3.5.2 Market Forecast
9.3.6 Russia
9.3.6.1 Market Trends
9.3.6.2 Market Forecast
9.3.7 Others
9.3.7.1 Market Trends
9.3.7.2 Market Forecast
9.4 Latin America
9.4.1 Brazil
9.4.1.1 Market Trends
9.4.1.2 Market Forecast
9.4.2 Mexico
9.4.2.1 Market Trends
9.4.2.2 Market Forecast
9.4.3 Others
9.4.3.1 Market Trends
9.4.3.2 Market Forecast
9.5 Middle East and Africa
9.5.1 Market Trends
9.5.2 Market Breakup by Country
9.5.3 Market Forecast
10 SWOT Analysis
10.1 Overview
10.2 Strengths
10.3 Weaknesses
10.4 Opportunities
10.5 Threats
11 Value Chain Analysis
12 Porters Five Forces Analysis
12.1 Overview
12.2 Bargaining Power of Buyers
12.3 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
12.4 Degree of Competition
12.5 Threat of New Entrants
12.6 Threat of Substitutes
13 Price Analysis
14 Competitive Landscape
14.1 Market Structure
14.2 Key Players
14.3 Profiles of Key Players
14.3.1 3DHISTECH Ltd.
14.3.1.1 Company Overview
14.3.1.2 Product Portfolio
14.3.2 Beckman Coulter Inc. (Danaher Corporation)
14.3.2.1 Company Overview
14.3.2.2 Product Portfolio
14.3.2.3 SWOT Analysis
14.3.3 F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG
14.3.3.1 Company Overview
14.3.3.2 Product Portfolio
14.3.3.3 Financials
14.3.4 General Electric Company
14.3.4.1 Company Overview
14.3.4.2 Product Portfolio
14.3.4.3 Financials
14.3.4.4 SWOT Analysis
14.3.5 Hamamatsu Photonics KK
14.3.5.1 Company Overview
14.3.5.2 Product Portfolio
14.3.5.3 Financials
14.3.5.4 SWOT Analysis
14.3.6 Huron Technologies Internationa
14.3.6.1 Company Overview
14.3.6.2 Product Portfolio
14.3.7 Inspirata Inc.
14.3.7.1 Company Overview
14.3.7.2 Product Portfolio
14.3.8 Koninklijke Philips N.V.
14.3.8.1 Company Overview
14.3.8.2 Product Portfolio
14.3.8.3 Financials
14.3.8.4 SWOT Analysis
14.3.9 Mikroscan Technologies Inc.
14.3.9.1 Company Overview
14.3.9.2 Product Portfolio
14.3.10 Olympus Corporation
14.3.10.1 Company Overview
14.3.10.2 Product Portfolio
14.3.10.3 Financials
14.3.10.4 SWOT Analysis
14.3.11 Perkinelmer Inc.
14.3.11.1 Company Overview
14.3.11.2 Product Portfolio
14.3.11.3 Financials
14.3.11.4 SWOT Analysis
14.3.12 Visiopharm A/S
14.3.12.1 Company Overview
14.3.12.2 Product Portfolio
Figure 1: Global: Whole Slide Imaging Market: Major Drivers and Challenges
Figure 2: Global: Whole Slide Imaging Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017-2022
Figure 3: Global: Whole Slide Imaging Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 4: Global: Whole Slide Imaging Market: Breakup by Technology (in %), 2022
Figure 5: Global: Whole Slide Imaging Market: Breakup by Application (in %), 2022
Figure 6: Global: Whole Slide Imaging Market: Breakup by End User (in %), 2022
Figure 7: Global: Whole Slide Imaging Market: Breakup by Region (in %), 2022
Figure 8: Global: Whole Slide Imaging (Scanners) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 9: Global: Whole Slide Imaging (Scanners) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 10: Global: Whole Slide Imaging (IT Infrastructure) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 11: Global: Whole Slide Imaging (IT Infrastructure) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 12: Global: Whole Slide Imaging (Viewer) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 13: Global: Whole Slide Imaging (Viewer) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 14: Global: Whole Slide Imaging (Image Management System) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 15: Global: Whole Slide Imaging (Image Management System) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 16: Global: Whole Slide Imaging (Immunohistochemistry) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 17: Global: Whole Slide Imaging (Immunohistochemistry) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 18: Global: Whole Slide Imaging (Telepathology) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 19: Global: Whole Slide Imaging (Telepathology) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 20: Global: Whole Slide Imaging (Cytopathology) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 21: Global: Whole Slide Imaging (Cytopathology) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 22: Global: Whole Slide Imaging (Hematopathology) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 23: Global: Whole Slide Imaging (Hematopathology) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 24: Global: Whole Slide Imaging (Academic Institute) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 25: Global: Whole Slide Imaging (Academic Institute) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 26: Global: Whole Slide Imaging (Research) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 27: Global: Whole Slide Imaging (Research) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 28: Global: Whole Slide Imaging (Other End Users) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 29: Global: Whole Slide Imaging (Other End Users) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 30: North America: Whole Slide Imaging Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 31: North America: Whole Slide Imaging Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 32: United States: Whole Slide Imaging Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 33: United States: Whole Slide Imaging Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 34: Canada: Whole Slide Imaging Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 35: Canada: Whole Slide Imaging Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 36: Asia-Pacific: Whole Slide Imaging Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 37: Asia-Pacific: Whole Slide Imaging Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 38: China: Whole Slide Imaging Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 39: China: Whole Slide Imaging Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 40: Japan: Whole Slide Imaging Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 41: Japan: Whole Slide Imaging Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 42: India: Whole Slide Imaging Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 43: India: Whole Slide Imaging Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 44: South Korea: Whole Slide Imaging Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 45: South Korea: Whole Slide Imaging Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 46: Australia: Whole Slide Imaging Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 47: Australia: Whole Slide Imaging Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 48: Indonesia: Whole Slide Imaging Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 49: Indonesia: Whole Slide Imaging Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 50: Others: Whole Slide Imaging Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 51: Others: Whole Slide Imaging Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 52: Europe: Whole Slide Imaging Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 53: Europe: Whole Slide Imaging Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 54: Germany: Whole Slide Imaging Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 55: Germany: Whole Slide Imaging Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 56: France: Whole Slide Imaging Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 57: France: Whole Slide Imaging Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 58: United Kingdom: Whole Slide Imaging Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 59: United Kingdom: Whole Slide Imaging Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 60: Italy: Whole Slide Imaging Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 61: Italy: Whole Slide Imaging Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 62: Spain: Whole Slide Imaging Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 63: Spain: Whole Slide Imaging Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 64: Russia: Whole Slide Imaging Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 65: Russia: Whole Slide Imaging Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 66: Others: Whole Slide Imaging Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 67: Others: Whole Slide Imaging Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 68: Latin America: Whole Slide Imaging Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 69: Latin America: Whole Slide Imaging Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 70: Brazil: Whole Slide Imaging Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 71: Brazil: Whole Slide Imaging Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 72: Mexico: Whole Slide Imaging Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 73: Mexico: Whole Slide Imaging Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 74: Others: Whole Slide Imaging Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 75: Others: Whole Slide Imaging Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 76: Middle East and Africa: Whole Slide Imaging Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 77: Middle East and Africa: Whole Slide Imaging Market: Breakup by Country (in %), 2022
Figure 78: Middle East and Africa: Whole Slide Imaging Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 79: Global: Whole Slide Imaging Industry: SWOT Analysis
Figure 80: Global: Whole Slide Imaging Industry: Value Chain Analysis
Figure 81: Global: Whole Slide Imaging Industry: Porter's Five Forces Analysis
Table 1: Global: Whole Slide Imaging Market: Key Industry Highlights, 2022 and 2028
Table 2: Global: Whole Slide Imaging Market Forecast: Breakup by Technology (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Table 3: Global: Whole Slide Imaging Market Forecast: Breakup by Application (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Table 4: Global: Whole Slide Imaging Market Forecast: Breakup by End User (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Table 5: Global: Whole Slide Imaging Market Forecast: Breakup by Region (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Table 6: Global: Whole Slide Imaging Market: Competitive Structure
Table 7: Global: Whole Slide Imaging Market: Key Players
- Not Sure / Need Reassuring
- Confirm Content
-
Content is provided by our partners and every effort is made to make Market Report details as clear as possible. If you are not sure the exact content you require is included in this study you can Contact us to double check. To do this you can:
Use the ‘? ASK A QUESTION’ below the license / prices and to the right of this box. This will come directly to our team who will work on dealing with your request as soon as possible.
Write to directly on support@scotts-international.com with details. Please include as much information as possible including the name of report or link so our staff will be able to work on you request.
Telephone us directly on 0048 603 394 346 and an experienced member of team will be on hand to answer.
-
- Sample Pages
-
With the vast majority of our partners we can obtain Sample Pages to support your decision. This is something we can arrange without revealing your personal details.
It is important to note that we will not be able to provide you the exact data or statistics such as Market Size and Forecasts. Sample pages usually confirm the layout or the Categories included in Charts and Graphs, excluding specific data.
To ask for Sample Pages by contact us through ‘? ASK A QUESTION’, support@scotts-international.com, or by telephoning 0048 603 394 346.
-
- Check for Alternatives
-
Whilst we try to make our online platform as easy to use as possible there is always the possibility that a better alternative has not been found in your search.
To avoid this possibility Contact us through ‘? ASK A QUESTION’, support@scotts-international.com, or by telephoning 0048 603 394 346 and a Senior Team Member can review your requirements and send a list of possibilities with opinions and recommendations.
-
- Confirm Content
- Prices / Formats / Delivery
- Prices
-
All prices are set by our partners and should be exactly the same as those listed on their own websites. We work on a Revenue share basis ensuring that you never pay more than what is offered elsewhere.
Should you find the price cheaper on another platform we recommend you to Contact us as we should be able to match this price. You can Contact us though through ‘? ASK A QUESTION’, support@scotts-international.com, or by telephoning 0048 603 394 346.
-
- Discounts
-
As we work in close partnership with our Partners from time to time we can secure discounts and assist with negotiations, this is part of our personalised service to you.
Discounts can sometimes be arranged for speedily placed orders; multiple report purchases or Higher License purchases.
To check if a Discount is possible please Contact our experienced team through ‘? ASK A QUESTION’, support@scotts-international.com, or by telephoning 0048 603 394 346.
-
- Available Currencies
-
Most Market Reports on our platform are listed in USD or EURO based on the wishes of our Partners. To avoid currency fluctuations and potential price differentiations we do not offer the possibility to change the currency online.
Should you wish to pay in a different currency to that advertised online we do accept payments in USD, EURO, GBP and PLN. The price will be calculated based on the relevant exchange rate taken from our National Bank.
To pay in a different above currency to that advertised online please Contact our team and a quotation will be sent within a couple of hours with payment details.
-
- Licenses
-
License options vary from Partner to Partner as is usually based on the number of Users that will benefitting from the report. It is very important that License ordered is not breached as this could have potential negative consequences for you individually or your employer.
If you have questions or need confirmation about the specific license we recommend you to Contact us and a detailed explanation will be provided.
-
- Global Site License
-
The Global Site License is the most comprehensive license available. By selecting this license, the Market Report can be shared with other ‘Allowed Users’ and any other member of staff from the same organisation regardless of geographic location.
It is important to note that this may exclude Parent Companies or Subsidiaries.
If you have questions or need confirmation about the specific license we recommend you to Contact us and a detailed explanation will be provided.
-
- Formats
-
The most common format is PDF, however in certain circumstances data may be present in Excel format or Online, especially in the case of Database or Directories. In addition, for certain higher license options a CD may also be provided.
If you have questions or need clarification about the specific formats we recommend you to Contact us and a detailed explanation will be provided.
-
- Delivery
-
Delivery is fulfilled by our partners directly. Once an order has been placed we inform the partner by sharing the delivery email details given in the order process.
Delivery is usually made within 24 hours of an order being placed, however it may take longer should your order be placed prior to the weekend or if otherwise specified on the Market Report details page. Additionally, if details have been not fully completed in the Order process a delay in delivery is possible.
If a delay in delivery is expected you will be informed about it immediately.
-
- Shipping Charges
-
As most Market Reports are delivered in PDF format we almost never have to add additional Shipping Charges. If, however you are ordering a Higher License service or a specific delivery format (e.g. CD version) charges may apply.
If you are concerned about additional Shipping Charges we recommend you to Contact us to double check.
-
- Prices
- Ordering
- By Credit Card
-
We work in Partnership with PayU to ensure payments are made securely in a fast and effortless way. PayU is the e-payments division of Naspers.
Naspers operates in over 133 International Markets and ranks 3rd Globally in terms of the number of e-commerce customers served.
For more information on PayU please visit: https://www.payu.pl/en/about-us
-
- By Money Transfer
-
If you require an invoice prior to payment, this is possible. To ensure a speedy delivery of the Market Report we require all relevant company details and you agree to maximum payment terms of 30 days from receipt of order.
With our regular clients deliver of the Market Report can be made prior to receiving payment, however in some circumstances we may ask for payment to be received before arranging for the Market Report to be delivered.
-
- By Credit Card
- Security
- Website security
-
We have specifically partnered with leading International companies to protect your privacy by using different technologies and processes to ensure security.
Everything submitted to Scotts International is encrypted via SSL (Secure Socket Layer) and all personal information provided to Scotts International is stored on computer systems with limited access in controlled environments.
-
- Credit Card Security
-
We partner with PayU (https://www.payu.pl/en/about-us) to ensure all credit card payments are made securely in a fast and effortless way.
PayU offers 250+ various payment channels and eWallet services across 4 continents allowing buyers to pay electronically, whether on a computer or a mobile device.
-
- Website security