Report

1 INTRODUCTION 16
1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 16
1.2 MARKET DEFINITION 16
1.3 OVERVIEW 16
1.4 LIMITATIONS 17
1.5 MARKETS COVERED 17
2 MARKET SEGMENTATION 20
2.1 MARKETS COVERED 20
2.2 YEARS CONSIDERED FOR THE STUDY 21
2.3 CURRENCY AND PRICING 21
2.4 DBMR TRIPOD DATA VALIDATION MODEL 22
2.5 MULTIVARIATE MODELING 25
2.6 PRIMARY INTERVIEWS WITH KEY OPINION LEADERS 26
2.7 DBMR MARKET POSITION GRID 28
2.8 MARKET END-USE COVERAGE GRID 29
2.9 DBMR VENDOR SHARE ANALYSIS 30
2.10 SECONDARY SOURCES 31
2.11 ASSUMPTIONS 32
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 33
4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS 39
4.1 PESTLE ANALYSIS 40
4.1.1 POLITICAL FACTORS 40
4.1.2 ECONOMIC FACTORS 40
4.1.3 SOCIAL FACTORS 41
4.1.4 TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS 41
4.1.5 LEGAL FACTORS 42
4.1.6 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS 42
4.2 PORTER'S FIVE FORCES 43
4.2.1 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS 43
4.2.2 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES 43
4.2.3 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS 43
4.2.4 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS 44
4.2.5 COMPETITIVE RIVALRY 44
4.3 PRODUCTION CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS 45
4.4 VENDOR SELECTION CRITERIA 46
4.5 BIO-CNG LEGISLATION 48
4.6 CNG OPERATING COMPANIES 49
4.7 ESTIMATION OF RETAIL CNG SALES PER OPERATING COMPANY 50
4.8 ESTIMATION OF TOTAL MOTOR FUELS RETAIL MARKET AND CNG RETAIL MARKET 51
4.9 NUMBER OF CNG REFUELING STATIONS 51
4.10 PRICE ANALYSIS 53
4.10.1 AVERAGE CNG PRICE PER COUNTRY IN EUR/KG - HISTORY AND FORECAST 53
4.10.2 PRICE STRUCTURE: INDUSTRIAL CNG PRICE/VAT/EXCISE DUTY PER COUNTRY IN EUR/KG - HISTORY & FORECAST 53
4.11 ANALYSIS OF TOTAL NUMBER OF REFUELING STATIONS (OFFERING ALL TYPES OF FUEL) 54
4.11.1 CURRENT DISTRIBUTION AND TRENDS 54
4.11.2 IMPLICATIONS AND FUTURE OUTLOOK 54
4.12 CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIO 55
4.12.1 ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS 55
4.12.2 INDUSTRY RESPONSE 55
4.12.3 GOVERNMENT'S ROLE 55
4.12.4 ANALYST'S RECOMMENDATIONS 55
4.13 CNG REFUELLING INFRASTRUCTURE ANALYSIS 56
4.13.1 SERBIA 56
4.13.1.1 CURRENT STATE OF INFRASTRUCTURE 56
4.13.1.2 CHALLENGES 56
4.13.1.3 OPPORTUNITIES: 56
4.13.2 ROMANIA: 56
4.13.2.1 CURRENT STATE OF INFRASTRUCTURE: 56
4.13.2.2 CHALLENGES: 57
4.13.2.3 OPPORTUNITIES: 57
4.13.3 BULGARIA: 57
4.13.3.1 CURRENT STATE OF INFRASTRUCTURE: 57
4.13.3.2 CHALLENGES: 57
4.13.3.3 OPPORTUNITIES: 58
4.13.4 COMPARATIVE SUMMARY: 58
4.14 ESTIMATION OF TOTAL MOTOR FUELS RETAIL MARKET AND CNG RETAIL MARKET 59
4.14.1 INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT: 59
4.14.2 GOVERNMENT POLICIES: 59
4.14.3 ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS: 59
4.14.4 MARKET SHARE DYNAMICS 60
4.15 GOVERNMENT AND LOCAL PERMITTING PROCESS FOR CNG INFRASTRUCTURE 61
4.15.1 INSTALLATION OF CNG EQUIPMENT 61
4.15.1.1 SERBIA: 61
4.15.1.2 ROMANIA: 61
4.15.1.3 BULGARIA: 61
4.15.2 FILLING OF STATIONARY CONTAINERS 61
4.15.2.1 SERBIA: 61
4.15.2.2 ROMANIA: 61
4.15.2.3 BULGARIA: 61
4.15.3 BUILDING REFUELING FACILITIES 62
4.15.3.1 SERBIA: 62
4.15.3.2 ROMANIA: 62
4.15.3.3 BULGARIA: 62
4.15.4 ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS 62
4.15.4.1 SERBIA: 62
4.15.4.2 ROMANIA: 62
4.15.4.3 BULGARIA: 62
4.16 MARKET ANALYSIS ON VEHICLE TYPE: PASSENGER CARS VS. LDV (LIGHT DUTY BUSUES<5T AND LIGHT DUTY TRUCKS <3,5T) VS. HDV (HEAVY DUTY BUSES>5T AND HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES>3,5T) 65
4.16.1 PASSENGER CARS 65
4.16.2 LIGHT DUTY VEHICLES (LDVS) 65
4.16.3 HEAVY DUTY VEHICLES (HDVS) 65
4.17 NATIONAL PROGRAM AND STRATEGIES FOR INCREASING CNG CONSUMPTION 66
4.17.1 SERBIA 66
4.17.2 ROMANIA 66
4.17.3 BULGARIA 67
4.18 NUMBER OF CNG REFUELING STATIONS AND THEIR SHARE 68
4.19 RAW MATERIAL COVERAGE 70
4.19.1 NATURAL GAS 70
4.19.2 SOURCES AND SUPPLY CHAIN 70
4.19.3 MARKET DYNAMICS 70
4.19.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 70
4.20 STANDARDS, TECHNICAL, AND SAFETY SPECIFICATIONS FOR CNG INFRASTRUCTURE 71
4.20.1 CNG CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE 72
4.20.1.1 MATERIAL STANDARDS 72
4.20.1.2 CERTIFICATION 72
4.20.1.3 INSPECTION AND TESTING 72
4.20.1.4 SAFETY FEATURES 73
4.20.2 COMPRESSION PLANTS 73
4.20.2.1 DESIGN STANDARDS 73
4.20.2.2 SAFETY PROTOCOLS 73
4.20.2.3 OPERATIONAL SAFETY 73
4.20.3 COMPRESSORS INSTALLATIONS 73
4.20.3.1 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 73
4.20.3.2 INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS 73
4.20.3.3 SAFETY MEASURES 73
4.20.4 DISPENSING INSTALLATIONS 74
4.20.4.1 DISPENSER DESIGN 74
4.20.4.2 METERING ACCURACY 74
4.20.4.3 USER SAFETY 74
4.20.5 PIPING AND FITTINGS 74
4.20.5.1 MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS 74
4.20.5.2 INSTALLATION STANDARDS 74
4.20.5.3 LEAK PREVENTION 74
4.20.6 SUPPLEMENTARY ELEMENTS 74
4.20.6.1 VALVES AND REGULATORS 74
4.20.6.2 CONTROL SYSTEMS 74
4.20.6.3 EMERGENCY SYSTEMS 74
4.20.7 COMPLIANCE AND CERTIFICATION 75
4.20.7.1 NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS 75
4.20.7.2 CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS 75
4.20.7.3 REGULAR AUDITS AND INSPECTIONS 75
4.21 SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS 76
4.21.1 OVERVIEW 76
4.21.2 LOGISTIC COST SCENARIO 76
4.21.2.1 FUEL TRANSPORTATION COSTS 76
4.21.2.2 INFRASTRUCTURE-RELATED COSTS 76
4.21.2.3 ECONOMIES OF SCALE 76
4.21.3 IMPORTANCE OF LOGISTICS SERVICE PROVIDERS 77
4.21.3.1 SPECIALIZED KNOWLEDGE AND CAPABILITIES 77
4.21.3.2 NETWORK AND INFRASTRUCTUR 77
4.21.3.3 CROSS-BORDER COORDINATION 77
4.21.3.4 COST OPTIMIZATION 77
4.21.3.5 RISK MANAGEMENT 77
4.21.4 CONCLUSION 78
4.22 TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS BY MANUFACTURERS 79
4.22.1 ADVANCED COMPRESSION TECHNOLOGY 79
4.22.2 IMPROVED STORAGE SOLUTIONS 79
4.22.3 INFRASTRUCTURE EXPANSION TECHNOLOGIES 79
4.22.4 DIGITAL MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEMS 80
5 REGULATION COVERAGE 81
6 MARKET OVERVIEW 82
6.1 DRIVERS 84
6.1.1 INCREASING STRINGENT ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES AND EMISSION REDUCTION TARGETS IN SERBIA, ROMANIA, AND BULGARIA SUPPORT THE ADOPTION OF CNG 84
6.1.2 RISING ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF USING CNG 84
6.1.3 INCREASED GOVERNMENT INCENTIVES AND SUBSIDIES PROMOTING THE USE OF CNG 85
6.2 RESTRAINTS 86
6.2.1 HIGH INITIAL COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH DEVELOPING CNG STATIONS AND INFRASTRUCTURE 86
6.2.2 LACK OF COMPREHENSIVE CNG REFUELLING INFRASTRUCTURE 86
6.3 OPPORTUNITIES 87
6.3.1 SUBSTANTIAL POTENTIAL IN CONVERTING EXISTING FLEETS OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE TRANSPORTATION TO CNG 87
6.3.2 COLLABORATIVE EFFORTS BETWEEN SERBIA, ROMANIA, AND BULGARIA IN DEVELOPING CROSS-BORDER CNG INFRASTRUCTURE 87
6.4 CHALLENGES 88
6.4.1 INCREASING COMPETITION WITH ALTERNATIVE FUELS 88
6.4.2 STRICT SAFETY AND REGULATORY STANDARDS HEIGHTEN COMPLEXITY AND COSTS 89
7 SERBIA, ROMANIA, AND BULGARIA CNG (COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS) FUEL MARKET, BY PRODUCTS 91
7.1 OVERVIEW 92
7.2 CNG (METHANE-NATURAL GAS STORED UNDER HIGH PRESSURE AND USED AS TRANSPORTATION FUEL) 93
7.3 BIOCNG (BIOMETHANE) 93
8 SERBIA, ROMANIA, AND BULGARIA CNG (COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS) FUEL MARKET, BY SOURCE 94
8.1 OVERVIEW 95
8.2 ASSOCIATED GAS 96
8.2.1 NON-ASSOCIATED GAS 96
9 SERBIA, ROMANIA, AND BULGARIA CNG (COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS) FUEL MARKET, BY KITS 97
9.1 OVERVIEW 98
9.2 SEQUENTIAL 99
9.3 VENTURI 99
10 SERBIA, ROMANIA, AND BULGARIA CNG (COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS) FUEL MARKET, BY FUEL CHAMBER 100
10.1 OVERVIEW 101
10.2 DUAL-FUELLED VEHICLES 102
10.3 DEDICATED (CNG-FUELLED) VEHICLES 102
11 SERBIA, ROMANIA, AND BULGARIA CNG (COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS) FUEL MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE 103
11.1 OVERVIEW 104
11.2 PRIVATE 105
11.3 FLEET 105
12 SERBIA, ROMANIA, AND BULGARIA CNG (COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS) FUEL MARKET, BY CNG FUEL STATIONS OFFERING 106
12.1 OVERVIEW 107
12.2 MONOFUEL REFUELLING STATIONS (OFFERING SOLELY CNG) 108
12.3 MULTIFUEL REFUELLING STATIONS (OFFERING CONVENTIONAL FUELS AND CNG) 108
13 SERBIA, ROMANIA, AND BULGARIA CNG (COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS) FUEL MARKET, BY CNG FUEL STATIONS ENTITY 109
13.1 OVERVIEW 110
13.2 PUBLIC REFUELLING STATIONS (FREE ACCESS AT THE STATION) 111
13.3 PRIVATE/INTERNAL 111
14 SERBIA, ROMANIA, AND BULGARIA CNG (COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS) FUEL MARKET, BY END USE 112
14.1 OVERVIEW 113
14.2 LIGHT MOTOR VEHICLES 114
14.3 MEDIUM MOTOR VEHICLES 115
14.4 HEAVY MOTOR VEHICLES 116
15 SERBIA, ROMANIA, AND BULGARIA CNG (COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS) FUEL MARKET, BY COUNTRY 117
15.1 ROMANIA 118
15.2 BULGARIA 124
15.3 SERBIA 130
16 SERBIA, ROMANIA, AND BULGARIA CNG (COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS) FUEL MARKET: COMPANY LANDSCAPE 135
16.1 COMPANY SHARE ANALYSIS: SERBIA 135
16.2 COMPANY SHARE ANALYSIS: ROMANIA 136
16.3 COMPANY SHARE ANALYSIS: BULGARIA 137
17 SWOT ANALYSIS 138
18 COMPANY PROFILE 139
18.1 ENGIE SA 139
18.1.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 139
18.1.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 139
18.1.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 140
18.1.4 RECENT UPDATES 141
18.2 TOTALENERGIES SE 142
18.2.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 142
18.2.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 142
18.2.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 143
18.2.4 RECENT UPDATES 143
18.3 SHELL PLC 144
18.3.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 144
18.3.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 144
18.3.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 145
18.3.4 RECENT UPDATES 146
18.4 CHEVRON CORPORATION 147
18.4.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 147
18.4.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 147
18.4.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 148
18.4.4 RECENT UPDATES 148
18.5 KRYOGAS 149
18.5.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 149
18.5.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 149
18.5.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 150
18.6 NIS 151
18.6.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 151
18.6.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 151
18.6.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 152
18.6.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 152
19 QUESTIONNAIRE 154
20 RELATED REPORTS 157