Global Oxygen Scavenger Market
Market Research Report I 2023-12-04 I 138 Pages I BCC Research
Description
Report Scope:
The report will include details about various types of compositions used in oxygen scavengers, end-use industries for oxygen scavengers, and forms of oxygen scavengers. Estimated values are based on manufacturers' total revenues. Projected revenue values are in constant U.S. dollars, unadjusted for inflation. The report contains comprehensive information regarding the oxygen scavenger industry and the users thereof.
The global oxygen scavenger market is segmented into the following categories:
Type (metallic oxygen scavenger and non-metallic oxygen scavenger).
Composition (organic and inorganic).
Form (powder, liquid and resin).
End use (food and beverage, pharmaceutical, power, oil and gas, pulp and paper, and chemical).
Region: North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific (APAC), and the Rest of the World (RoW).
Report Includes:
- 67 data tables and 39 additional tables
- An overview of the global market landscape related to the oxygen scavengers
- In-depth analysis of global market trends, featuring historical revenue data for 2022, estimated figures for 2023, as well as forecasts for 2027. This analysis includes projections of Compound Annual Growth Rates (CAGRs) spanning through 2028
- Evaluation of the current market size and revenue growth prospects specific to oxygen scavengers, accompanied by a comprehensive market share analysis categorized by type, composition, form, end-use industry, and geographic region
- Information on oxygen scavengers designs and forms, including powder, liquid, and resins
- Coverage of various applications of oxygen scavenger such as food & beverage, pharmaceutical, power, oil & gas, pulp & paper, and chemical industry, and their innovative packaging technologies
- Information on latest developments, new industry research, upcoming technologies, industry structure, and regulatory scenarios, and economic trends
- Identification of challenges and discussion on how to overcome from those to reach its commercialization potential
- Discussion on importance of ESG in the oxygen scavenger industry, assessment of ESG ratings and metrics, ESG practices, and current status and future of ESG in the oxygen scavenger market
- Market share analysis of the key companies of the industry and coverage of their proprietary technologies, strategic alliances, and other key market strategies and a relevant patent analysis
- Detailed profiles of leading market participants, providing a descriptive overview of their respective businesses
Executive Summary
Summary:
The global oxygen scavenger market is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of REDACTED% from 2023 through 2028 to reach $REDACTED billion. The Asia-Pacific market, sized at $REDACTED million in 2022, and is expected to reach $REDACTED billion by the end of 2028 with a CAGR of REDACTED%. The growth in North America and Europe will be slower, with CAGRs of REDACTED% and REDACTED%, respectively, from 2023 through 2028, reaching $REDACTED million and $REDACTED billion, respectively.
The rate of growth is expected to pick up in the coming years. The Asia-Pacific region, especially China, South Korea, and India, should grow relatively faster throughout the next five years, but the impact on the total market growth rate is not expected to be significant enough to off-balance the slower growth rates in the West.
In terms of industrial GDP values, China and the U.S. are the largest globally. Japan and Germany are ranked third and fourth. The growth of these economies significantly helps the global oxygen scavenger market. The growing consumption of processed food and demand for sustainable food packaging in developing countries further drive the global oxygen scavenger market. Oil economies have a disproportionate dependence on industrial production for their GDPs. Countries such as Qatar, Iraq, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Saudi Arabia, Oman, and Kuwait all have more than 50% of their country's GDP coming from the industrial sector. The revival of the oil economies helps the oxygen scavenger industry, although, on a global basis, the GDPs of these countries have only modest shares of the oxygen scavenger industry. Oil and gas companies generally use oxygen scavenger products in their boiler systems to protect the metal surfaces from corrosion and to reduce oxidation in the systems.
End users of the oxygen scavenger industry are diverse. Food and beverage, chemical, power, paper and pulp, and oil and gas businesses are the bulk users of oxygen scavengers in the global market. Oxygen-scavenging technology is accepted by the FDA, Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point, and Australian Standard 2070-1999. Recently, oxygen scavenger products have been used to protect historical objects and cultural properties from corrosion.
The metallic oxygen scavenger segment is well concentrated globally, with a limited number of large companies that have grown successfully in the mass manufacture of oxygen scavenger products with economies of scale. Iron, zinc, and sulfite are the key active ingredients used in metallic oxygen scavenger products. These scavengers are designed mainly for food and beverage, chemical, power, paper and pulp, and oil and gas industries. The non-metallic oxygen scavenger segment is more diverse in terms of regional diversity, and the companies are typically smaller in size than the manufacturers of metallic oxygen scavengers.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction
Introduction
Study Goals and Objectives
Reasons for Doing This Study
Scope of Report
Research Methodology
Information Sources
Geographic Breakdown
Segmentation Breakdown
Chapter 2 Summary and Highlights
Market Outlook
Market Summary
Chapter 3 Market Overview
Market Definition
Regulatory Bodies in Global Oxygen Scavenger Market
Pricing Analysis
Factors Affecting Selection of Oxygen Scavenger
Importance of the Oxygen Scavenger
Chapter 4 Market Dynamics
Market Dynamics
Drivers
Restraints
Opportunities
Challenges
Chapter 5 Emerging Technologies and Development
Key Highlights
Trends
Development of Oxygen Scavenger Resins for PET Packaging
New Product Innovation and Untapped Market
Chapter 6 Global Oxygen Scavenger Market by Type
Introduction
Metallic Oxygen Scavengers
Iron
Zinc
Sulfite
Non-metallic Oxygen Scavengers
Hydrazine
DEHA
Chapter 7 Global Oxygen Scavenger Market by Form
Introduction
Powder
Liquid
Resins
Chapter 8 Global Oxygen Scavenger Market by Composition
Introduction
Inorganic
Organic
Chapter 9 Global Oxygen Scavenger Market by End-use Industry
Introduction
Food and Beverage
Pharmaceutical
Power
Oil and Gas
Pulp and Paper
Chemical
Others
Chapter 10 Global Oxygen Scavenger Market by Region
Introduction
North America
Europe
Asia-Pacific
Rest of the World
Chapter 11 Sustainability in Oxygen Scavenger Industry: An ESG Perspective
Importance of ESG in the Oxygen Scavenger Industry
ESG Ratings and Metrics: Understanding the Data
ESG Practices in the Oxygen Scavenger Industry
Current Status of ESG in the Oxygen Scavenger Market
Risk Scale, Exposure Scale, and Management Scale
Case Study: Example of Successful ESG Implementation
Environmental Initiatives
Social Initiatives
Governance Initiatives
Outcomes
Investments
Future of ESG: Emerging Trends and Opportunities
Advancement in Oxygen Scavenger Manufacturing
Concluding Remarks from BCC Research
Chapter 12 Patent Analysis
Significance of Patents
Importance of Patent Analysis
Patent Analysis Based on Country of Origin
Patent Analysis Based on Year
Patent Analysis Based on Type
Patent Analysis Based on Company
Chapter 13 M&A and Funding Outlook
M&A Analysis
Chapter 14 Competitive Intelligence
Industry Structure
Oxygen Scavenger Industry Market Structure
Chapter 15 Company Profiles
ACCEPTA WATER TREATMENT
ANGUS CHEMICAL CO.
ARKEMA
AVIENT CORP.
BASF SE
CHARDON LAB
CLARIANT
DESICCARE INC.
EASTMAN CHEMICAL CO.
ECOLAB
HENKEL AG & CO. KGAA
MITSUBISHI GAS CHEMICAL CO. INC.
MULTISORB
THE SHERWIN-WILLIAMS CO.
THERMAX LTD.
Chapter 16 Appendix: Abbreviations
List of Tables
Summary Table : Global Market for Oxygen Scavengers, by Type, Through 2028
Table 1 : Oxygen Scavenger Necessity Chart
Table 2 : Regulatory Bodies in Global Oxygen Scavenger Market
Table 3 : Pricing of Oxygen Scavengers, by Select Countries, 2023
Table 4 : Food Safety Standards and Regulations
Table 5 : Global Market for Oxygen Scavengers, by Type, Through 2028
Table 6 : Orange Juice Domestic Consumption, July 2022-2023
Table 7 : Global Market for Metallic Oxygen Scavengers, by Region, Through 2028
Table 8 : Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) Surface Areas and Their Oxygen-scavenging Capacity
Table 9 : Global Market for Iron-metallic Oxygen Scavengers, by Region, Through 2028
Table 10 : Global Market for Zinc-metallic Oxygen Scavengers, by Region, Through 2028
Table 11 : Global Market for Sulfite-metallic Oxygen Scavengers, by Region, Through 2028
Table 12 : Global Market for Non-metallic Oxygen Scavengers, by Region, Through 2028
Table 13 : Global Market for Hydrazine Non-metallic Oxygen Scavengers, by Region, Through 2028
Table 14 : Global Market for DEHA Non-metallic Oxygen Scavengers, by Region, Through 2028
Table 15 : Oxygen Scavenger Forms and Their Key Users
Table 16 : Global Market for Oxygen Scavengers, by Form, Through 2028
Table 17 : Global Market for Powder Oxygen Scavengers, by Region, Through 2028
Table 18 : Global Market for Liquid Oxygen Scavengers, by Region, Through 2028
Table 19 : Meat Consumption per Person, 2022
Table 20 : Global Market for Resins-based Oxygen Scavengers, by Region, Through 2028
Table 21 : Characteristics of Oxygen Scavengers Based on Composition
Table 22 : Global Market for Oxygen Scavengers, by Composition, Through 2028
Table 23 : Global Market for Inorganic Composition of Oxygen Scavengers, by Region, Through 2028
Table 24 : Characteristics of Key Organic Oxygen Scavengers
Table 25 : Global Market for Organic Composition of Oxygen Scavengers, by Region, Through 2028
Table 26 : Treated Wastewater, 2018-2021
Table 27 : Global Market for Oxygen Scavengers, by End-use Industry, Through 2028
Table 28 : List of Key Food Products Packed with Oxygen Scavengers
Table 29 : Global Market for Oxygen Scavengers in Food and Beverage End-use Industry, by Region, Through 2028
Table 30 : Global Market for Oxygen Scavengers in Pharmaceutical End-use Industry, by Region, Through 2028
Table 31 : Global Market for Oxygen Scavengers in Power End-use Industry, by Region, Through 2028
Table 32 : List of Key Oil and Gas Companies in the World
Table 33 : Global Market for Oxygen Scavengers in the Oil and Gas End-use Industry, by Region, Through 2028
Table 34 : Global Market for Oxygen Scavengers in Pulp and Paper End-use Industry, by Region, Through 2028
Table 35 : Global Market for Oxygen Scavengers in Chemical End-use Industry, by Region, Through 2028
Table 36 : Global Market for Oxygen Scavengers in the Others End-use Industry, by Region, Through 2028
Table 37 : Per Capita Consumption of Processed Dairy Products in Milk Solids
Table 38 : Global Market for Oxygen Scavengers, by Region, Through 2028
Table 39 : North American Market for Oxygen Scavengers, by Country, Through 2028
Table 40 : North American Market for Oxygen Scavengers, by Type, Through 2028
Table 41 : North American Market for Oxygen Scavengers, by Form, Through 2028
Table 42 : North American Market for Oxygen Scavengers, by End-use Industry, Through 2028
Table 43 : North American Market for Oxygen Scavengers, by Composition, Through 2028
Table 44 : Total Sales of the French Food Processing Industry, 2021
Table 45 : European Union Framework Regulation for Food Packaging
Table 46 : European Market for Oxygen Scavengers, by Country, Through 2028
Table 47 : European Market for Oxygen Scavengers, by Type, Through 2028
Table 48 : European Market for Oxygen Scavengers, by Form, Through 2028
Table 49 : European Market for Oxygen Scavengers, by End-use Industry, Through 2028
Table 50 : European Market for Oxygen Scavengers, by Composition, Through 2028
Table 51 : Asia-Pacific Market for Oxygen Scavengers, by Country, Through 2028
Table 52 : Asia-Pacific Market for Oxygen Scavengers, by Type, Through 2028
Table 53 : Asia-Pacific Market for Oxygen Scavengers, by Form, Through 2028
Table 54 : Asia-Pacific Market for Oxygen Scavengers, by End-use Industry, Through 2028
Table 55 : Asia-Pacific Market for Oxygen Scavengers, by Composition, Through 2028
Table 56 : RoW Market for Oxygen Scavengers, by Sub-region, Through 2028
Table 57 : RoW Market for Oxygen Scavengers, by Type, Through 2028
Table 58 : RoW Market for Oxygen Scavengers, by Form, Through 2028
Table 59 : RoW Market for Oxygen Scavengers, by End-use Industry, Through 2028
Table 60 : RoW Market for Oxygen Scavengers, by Composition, Through 2028
Table 61 : ESG Ratings and Metrics
Table 62 : ESG Diversity Issue Analysis
Table 63 : ESG Employee Safety and Labor Practices Issue Analysis
Table 64 : ESG Resource Efficiency and Emissions Issue Analysis
Table 65 : ESG Waste Reduction Issue Analysis
Table 66 : ESG Sustainable Supply Chain Analysis
Table 67 : ESG Scores of Companies
Table 68 : Risk Scale, Exposure Scale, and Management Scale
Table 69 : Patents Related to Oxygen Scavengers Based on Country/Organization of Origin, January 2018-August 2023
Table 70 : Patents Related to Oxygen Scavengers Based on Year, January 2018-August 2023
Table 71 : Patents Related to Oxygen Scavengers Based on Type, January 2018-August 2023
Table 72 : Patents Related to Oxygen Scavengers, by Company, January 2018-August 2023
Table 73 : List of Key Patents Related to Oxygen Scavengers, January 2022-August 2023
Table 74 : Merger and Acquisitions in the Oxygen Scavenger Industry, January 2018 to June 2023
Table 75 : Global Company Shares Analysis in the Oxygen Scavenger Market, 2022
Table 76 : Accepta: Oxygen Scavenger Product Portfolio
Table 77 : Angus Chemical Co.: Oxygen Scavenger Product Portfolio
Table 78 : Arkema: Annual Financials/Revenue, 2022
Table 79 : Arkema: Oxygen Scavenger Product Portfolio
Table 80 : Avient Corp.: Annual Financials/Revenue, 2022
Table 81 : Avient Corp.: Oxygen Scavenger Product Portfolio
Table 82 : BASF SE: Annual Financials/Revenue, 2022
Table 83 : BASF SE: Oxygen Scavenger Product Portfolio
Table 84 : Chardon Lab: Oxygen Scavenger Product Portfolio
Table 85 : Clariant: News, 2020-2022
Table 86 : Clariant: Annual Financials/Revenue, 2022
Table 87 : Clariant: Oxygen Scavenger Product Portfolio
Table 88 : Desiccare Inc.: Oxygen Scavenger Product Portfolio
Table 89 : Eastman Chemical Co.: Annual Financials/Revenue, 2022
Table 90 : Eastman Chemical Co.: Oxygen Scavenger Product Portfolio
Table 91 : Ecolab: Annual Financials/Revenue, 2022
Table 92 : Ecolab: Oxygen Scavenger Product Portfolio
Table 93 : Henkel: Annual Financials/Revenue, 2022
Table 94 : Henkel: News, 2022-2023
Table 95 : Henkel: Oxygen Scavenger Product Portfolio
Table 96 : Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co.: Annual Financials/Revenue, 2022
Table 97 : Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co.: News, 2022-2023
Table 98 : Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co.: Oxygen Scavenger Product Portfolio
Table 99 : Multisorb: News, 2020
Table 100 : Multisorb: Oxygen Scavenger Product Portfolio
Table 101 : The Sherwin-Williams Co.: Annual Financials/Revenue, 2022
Table 102 : The Sherwin-Williams Co.: Oxygen Scavenger Product Portfolio
Table 103 : Thermax Ltd.: Annual Financials/Revenue, 2022
Table 104 : Thermax Ltd.: Oxygen Scavenger Product Portfolio
Table 105 : Abbreviations Used in Global Oxygen Scavenger Market Report
List of Figures
Figure A : Global Oxygen Scavenger Market: Methodology
Summary Figure : Global Market Shares of Oxygen Scavengers, by Type, 2022
Figure 1 : Process of Using Oxygen Scavengers in Meat Packaging
Figure 2 : Active Oxygen Scavenger Fruit Juice Packaging
Figure 3 : Factors Affecting Selection of Oxygen Scavenger
Figure 4 : Europe: Pharmaceutical Industry, 2020 and 2021
Figure 5 : Global Market Shares of Oxygen Scavengers, by Type, 2022
Figure 6 : Global Market Shares of Non-metallic Oxygen Scavengers, by Type, 2022
Figure 7 : Global Market Shares of Oxygen Scavengers, by Form, 2022
Figure 8 : Global Market Shares of Oxygen Scavengers, by Composition, 2022
Figure 9 : Global Market Shares of Oxygen Scavengers, by Region, 2022
Figure 10 : North American Market Shares of Oxygen Scavengers, by Country, 2022
Figure 11 : European Market Shares of Oxygen Scavengers, by Country, 2022
Figure 12 : Asia-Pacific Market Shares of Oxygen Scavengers, by Country, 2022
Figure 13 : RoW Market Shares of Oxygen Scavengers, by Sub-region, 2022
Figure 14 : Overview of ESG Factors
Figure 15 : Share of Public and Private Companies in the Global Oxygen Scavenger Market
Figure 16 : Arkema: Annual Financials/Revenue, 2021 and 2022
Figure 17 : Arkema: Revenue Share, by Business Unit, 2022
Figure 18 : Arkema: Revenue Share, by Region, 2022
Figure 19 : Avient Corp.: Annual Financials/Revenue, 2021 and 2022
Figure 20 : Avient Corp.: Revenue Share, by Business Unit, 2022
Figure 21 : Avient Corp.: Revenue Share, by Region, 2022
Figure 22 : BASF SE: Annual Financials/Revenue, 2021 and 2022
Figure 23 : BASF SE: Revenue Share, by Business Unit, 2022
Figure 24 : BASF SE: Revenue Share, by Region, 2022
Figure 25 : Clariant: Annual Financials/Revenue, 2021 and 2022
Figure 26 : Clariant: Revenue Share, by Business Unit, 2022
Figure 27 : Clariant: Revenue Share, by Region, 2022
Figure 28 : Eastman Chemical Co.: Annual Financials/Revenue, 2021 and 2022
Figure 29 : Eastman Chemical Co.: Revenue Share, by Business Unit, 2022
Figure 30 : Eastman Chemical Co.: Revenue Share, by Region, 2022
Figure 31 : Ecolab: Annual Financials/Revenue, 2021 and 2022
Figure 32 : Ecolab: Revenue Share, by Business Unit, 2022
Figure 33 : Ecolab: Revenue Share, by Region, 2022
Figure 34 : Henkel: Annual Financials/Revenue, 2021 and 2022
Figure 35 : Henkel: Revenue Share, by Business Unit, 2022
Figure 36 : Henkel: Revenue Share, by Region, 2022
Figure 37 : Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co.: Annual Financials/Revenue, 2021 and 2022
Figure 38 : Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co.: Revenue Share, by Business Unit, 2022
Figure 39 : Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co.: Revenue Share, by Region/Country, 2022
Figure 40 : The Sherwin-Williams Co.: Annual Financials/Revenue, 2021 and 2022
Figure 41 : The Sherwin-Williams Co.: Revenue Share, by Business Unit, 2022
Figure 42 : The Sherwin-Williams Co.: Revenue Share, by Region, 2022
Figure 43 : Thermax Ltd.: Annual Financials/Revenue, 2021 and 2022
Figure 44 : Thermax Ltd.: Revenue Share, by Business Unit, 2022
Figure 45 : Thermax Ltd.: Revenue Share, by Region/Country, 2022
Content is provided by our partners and every effort is made to make Market Report details as clear as possible. If you are not sure the exact content you require is included in this study you can Contact us to double check. To do this you can:
Use the ‘? ASK A QUESTION’ below the license / prices and to the right of this box. This will come directly to our team who will work on dealing with your request as soon as possible.
Write to directly on support@scotts-international.com with details. Please include as much information as possible including the name of report or link so our staff will be able to work on you request.
Telephone us directly on 0048 603 394 346 and an experienced member of team will be on hand to answer.
With the vast majority of our partners we can obtain Sample Pages to support your decision. This is something we can arrange without revealing your personal details.
It is important to note that we will not be able to provide you the exact data or statistics such as Market Size and Forecasts. Sample pages usually confirm the layout or the Categories included in Charts and Graphs, excluding specific data.
To ask for Sample Pages by contact us through ‘? ASK A QUESTION’, support@scotts-international.com, or by telephoning 0048 603 394 346.
Whilst we try to make our online platform as easy to use as possible there is always the possibility that a better alternative has not been found in your search.
To avoid this possibility Contact us through ‘? ASK A QUESTION’, support@scotts-international.com, or by telephoning 0048 603 394 346 and a Senior Team Member can review your requirements and send a list of possibilities with opinions and recommendations.
All prices are set by our partners and should be exactly the same as those listed on their own websites. We work on a Revenue share basis ensuring that you never pay more than what is offered elsewhere.
Should you find the price cheaper on another platform we recommend you to Contact us as we should be able to match this price. You can Contact us though through ‘? ASK A QUESTION’, support@scotts-international.com, or by telephoning 0048 603 394 346.
As we work in close partnership with our Partners from time to time we can secure discounts and assist with negotiations, this is part of our personalised service to you.
Discounts can sometimes be arranged for speedily placed orders; multiple report purchases or Higher License purchases.
To check if a Discount is possible please Contact our experienced team through ‘? ASK A QUESTION’, support@scotts-international.com, or by telephoning 0048 603 394 346.
Most Market Reports on our platform are listed in USD or EURO based on the wishes of our Partners. To avoid currency fluctuations and potential price differentiations we do not offer the possibility to change the currency online.
Should you wish to pay in a different currency to that advertised online we do accept payments in USD, EURO, GBP and PLN. The price will be calculated based on the relevant exchange rate taken from our National Bank.
To pay in a different above currency to that advertised online please Contact our team and a quotation will be sent within a couple of hours with payment details.
License options vary from Partner to Partner as is usually based on the number of Users that will benefitting from the report. It is very important that License ordered is not breached as this could have potential negative consequences for you individually or your employer.
If you have questions or need confirmation about the specific license we recommend you to Contact us and a detailed explanation will be provided.
The Global Site License is the most comprehensive license available. By selecting this license, the Market Report can be shared with other ‘Allowed Users’ and any other member of staff from the same organisation regardless of geographic location.
It is important to note that this may exclude Parent Companies or Subsidiaries.
If you have questions or need confirmation about the specific license we recommend you to Contact us and a detailed explanation will be provided.
The most common format is PDF, however in certain circumstances data may be present in Excel format or Online, especially in the case of Database or Directories. In addition, for certain higher license options a CD may also be provided.
If you have questions or need clarification about the specific formats we recommend you to Contact us and a detailed explanation will be provided.
Delivery is fulfilled by our partners directly. Once an order has been placed we inform the partner by sharing the delivery email details given in the order process.
Delivery is usually made within 24 hours of an order being placed, however it may take longer should your order be placed prior to the weekend or if otherwise specified on the Market Report details page. Additionally, if details have been not fully completed in the Order process a delay in delivery is possible.
If a delay in delivery is expected you will be informed about it immediately.
As most Market Reports are delivered in PDF format we almost never have to add additional Shipping Charges. If, however you are ordering a Higher License service or a specific delivery format (e.g. CD version) charges may apply.
If you are concerned about additional Shipping Charges we recommend you to Contact us to double check.
We work in Partnership with PayU to ensure payments are made securely in a fast and effortless way. PayU is the e-payments division of Naspers.
Naspers operates in over 133 International Markets and ranks 3rd Globally in terms of the number of e-commerce customers served.
For more information on PayU please visit: https://www.payu.pl/en/about-us
If you require an invoice prior to payment, this is possible. To ensure a speedy delivery of the Market Report we require all relevant company details and you agree to maximum payment terms of 30 days from receipt of order.
With our regular clients deliver of the Market Report can be made prior to receiving payment, however in some circumstances we may ask for payment to be received before arranging for the Market Report to be delivered.
We have specifically partnered with leading International companies to protect your privacy by using different technologies and processes to ensure security.
Everything submitted to Scotts International is encrypted via SSL (Secure Socket Layer) and all personal information provided to Scotts International is stored on computer systems with limited access in controlled environments.
We partner with PayU (https://www.payu.pl/en/about-us) to ensure all credit card payments are made securely in a fast and effortless way.
PayU offers 250+ various payment channels and eWallet services across 4 continents allowing buyers to pay electronically, whether on a computer or a mobile device.